Crime and Criminal Justice Essay

Wrongdoing and Criminal Justice Essay Wrongdoing and Criminal Justice Essay Gear required in Chapter 11 Measuring glass The utilization of the recepticle is to hold and pour fluids. They can likewise be utilized to warm fluids. It is extremely only a round glass holder with a level base. They come in numerous sizes, from minuscule ones that lone hold 10 mL to monster ones that hold numerous liters. Dropper-Medicine droppers are helpful gadgets for circulating little volumes of fluid. Electronic Scale-It will figure weight in grams, onces and pounds relying upon the settings. They come in different sizes relying upon what your weighting. Erlenmeyer Flask-Erlenmeyers are utilized in science labs for titration. An Erlenmeyer jar, otherwise called a funnel shaped jar, is a broadly utilized kind of research center jar which includes a level base, a tapered body, and a round and hollow neck. Channel Paper-It is a permeable paper, which is utilized to isolate little particles from fluids. Round and hollow Graduate-A graduated chamber is a bit of lab dish sets used to precisely apportion volumes of synthetic compounds for use in responses. They are commonly more exact and exact for this reason than recepticles or Erlenmeyer carafes, in spite of the fact that not as exact as a volumetric cup or volumetric pipet. They arrive in an assortment of sizes for various volumes, regularly 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, or 100 ml and up to as extensive as 1 or 2 liters. Decide the volume contained in a graduated chamber by perusing the base of the meniscus at eye level. Cone shaped Graduate-Actually, a tapered alumni is all the more generally utilized for

Leaders' Attitudes and Computer Use in Religious Congregations Essay

Pioneers' Attitudes and Computer Use in Religious Congregations - Essay Example I will in general decide the chance of embracing and actualizing ‘church planting by creating different congregations’ to arrive at ethnic minority youngsters with regards to Leeds for the gospel. The focused on gathering would be the African minority of Leeds. The best church planting strategy in this circumstance will be contemplated. This exploration paper will concentrate on chapel planting inside the African people group of Leeds. The difficult explanation is the means by which to arrive at the ethnic minority youngsters in Leeds through chapel planting to help spread the gospel. As indicated by the MS200 Study Guide, there are various church planting models. One of the best models of chapel planting, which was fundamental in the improvement of this exploration paper, is the Church Planting by Producing Multiple Congregations. The exploration tried to fuse this model due to the foundation of a normal help for youngsters and youngsters following the accomplishment of the expected objectives and targets1. The exploration concentrated on usage of the endeavors of the gathering individuals to work viably and effectively over the span of distinguishing the adolescents. What's more, the endeavors concentrated on taking the young people back to consider the Bible, implore together, and venerate on the whole. Moreover, Church Planting by Producing Multiple Congregation models demonstrates the nearness of love administration with the expectation of abusing the adolescent sub-culture, utilization of music, and creative structures, just as the language of correspondence as per the inclinations of the objective audiences2. It is basic to take note of that the youngsters keep on being the center gathering for different investigations. By the by, none of the examinations has been urgent in characterizing the best investigations corresponding to conveying the gospel to the adolescent.

Keeping Animals in Zoos

On Sunday evenings in each significant city numerous families go to the zoo with kids. They generally have a great deal of fun, see numerous uncommon creatures, entertaining monkeys, tall giraffes, immense elephants and charming koalas. Be that as it may, what is new with creatures? From one perspective, creatures are protected in zoos, which implies they can't be harmed in their pens. Also, creatures have enough food, for instance, they can generally eat in a zoo, while they might be starving in nature. Besides, numerous poachers slaughter creatures for their skin, hide and meat, however they can't do it to creatures in zoos. In addition, there are numerous species that are nearly eliminated, however zoos assist them with repeating and keep their species existing. The to wrap things up, if the regular environment of certain species is wrecked, destroyed or is no longer for living in, zoos make confines that look precisely like the normal living space. Then again, creatures are avoided their normal spot of living. For example, lions can never live in Berlin. Another significant weakness of keeping creatures detained is a lot of commotion and worry for them. Numerous individuals come to see them. For instance, kids draw close to the pens and bother them, so they have an extremely upsetting life dissimilar to their regular method of living. Also the way that creatures are not free. They are caught in their cells like in penitentiaries. All in all, there are numerous points of interest and hindrances of keeping creatures in zoos and everybody is to decide without anyone else. Be that as it may, before that consider yourself being kept in a confine and being considered just to be a delight!

Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s Habits - 550 Words

Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl's Habits (Book Report Sample) Content: Facing Poverty with a Rich Girlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s HabitsNameInstitution"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Habits" is a memoir by Suki Kim, a Korean-born American writer. The article tells the story of a young girl who is thrust from a life of opulence and grandeur in South Korea to poverty in Queens, New York. Sukià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s thesis revolves around the cultural shock that she went through as she tried to adjust between different economic and social classes. The memoir paints a vivid picture of the tribulations faced by immigrants as they try to fit in the American society.The writer describes Queens in the early 80à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s as the "Wild Westà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This description is given within her background of wealth and comfort in South Korea. Her new home in New York was "the upstairs of a two-family brownstone in Woodside. It was a crammed, ugly placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬" (Kim, 2004). This description is contrasted with her former life in South Korea where she lived in "a hilltop mansion with an orchard and a pond and peacocks." (Kim, 2004). The writer explains that the familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s problems began when his father lost all his wealth, and was declared bankrupt. Bankruptcy, being a punishable crime in South Korea, forced them to leave their home.Kim talks of the discrimination that she and other Korean immigrants experienced in Queens. At her tender age, she wonders why other children refer to her as "F.O.B, a derogatory term for immigrants that meant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fresh off the boatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬" (Kim, 2004). The mystery is even deeper to her considering that she had flown into the country on a plane. At the age of 13, Kim is apparently too young to understand discrimination in its different forms. Over time, she learns the different racial identities, and their associated stereotypes.The memoir can be classified as a short story that seeks to educate, and illuminate some societal problems. Sukià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s dissociation from reality is highl ighted by her failure to understand "ordinary" aspects of social life. She tells of her first bus ride at the age of 13, problems she faced attending to her homework without a governess, and the chaos at their New York home where they did not have house maids (Kim, 2004).Suki faces a deep cultural shock when her family relocates to America. The difference between the school systems in Korea and America is intergalactic. In the United States, students pay little attention or respect to teachers in classroom. In contrast, students in South Korea had to bow when a teacher walked into a classroom. These differences in culture imprinted on the tender mind of a thirteen-year old girl.Her interaction with fellow immigra...

Essay about answers for p5 Unit 3 Assignment 3 P5 P6 M3 D2

BTEC National Level 3 Certificate/Subsidiary Diploma in Public Services Unit 3 Citizenship, Diversity and the Public Services Assignment: Diversity and Equality of Services Date of Issue: Assignment Deadline: Assignment includes: P5 Review the methods used by public services to ensure they have a diverse workforce P6 Explain the duty of public services to provide equality of service to all citizens M3 Analyse the effectiveness of the methods used by public services to promote equality and diversity in society and within the service D2 Evaluate the effectiveness of the methods used by the public services to promote equality and diversity in society and within the service Scenario/Context: Britain is a multi-cultural society. The†¦show more content†¦How might this ensure the Army has a diverse workforce? If this becomes more widely known it may make more people from different religions want to join the army Task 3 (P5) deadline (Evidence = Individual written document). Choose the Army or the Fire and Rescue Service to research a) What recruitment policies does this public service have to try to ensure its workforce reflects society? Army – Use bullet points from case study b) What policies does the public service have to combat under-representation? Respecting different religions, food, clothing, prayer Open days, information services Task 4 (P6) deadline (Evidence = Individual written document). Essential content – 3 bullet points for each side heading – in a spider diagram Equality of service: services to individuals; Come to emergency calls eg 999, fire, road traffic crash, chemical spillage, rescue Home visit to check for fire safety Provide advice Same applies to businesses statutory requirements; There are laws to ensure the minimum standards of service are provided accessibility by users; All users must able to fully access fire service premises eg disabled, mobility impaired Fire makes special plans to help all users Leaflets, websites, information must be made available in a variety of formats eg braille, languages, video, talks, home visits recognising needs of citizens as individuals and groups Fire Service has policies to ensure all needs of allShow MoreRelatedUnit 21450 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment brief | Unit number and title | Unit 2 – Business Resources | Qualification | BTEC Level 3 Certificate, Subsidiary Diploma amp; Diploma in Business | Start date | September 2010 | Deadline | December 2010 | Assessor | L.McNeill | CRITERIA COVERED | | | P4, P5, P6, P7, M3, M4, D2 D3. | | | | | Assignment title | The Role of Financial Resources | Purpose: The aim of this unit is to develop learner knowledge of the range of human, physical, technological andfinancialRead MoreEssay on Marketing and Market Research946 Words   |  4 PagesFaculty of Academic Studies School of Business and Professional BTEC Level 3 in Business – 90 Credit Diploma (QCF) Unit 3 Introduction to Marketing Assignment 1 Scenario You work for a professional organisation for marketers. 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I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I have identified and acknowledged all sources used in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard Referencing system. I have read and understoodRead MoreMarketing Principles3139 Words   |  13 PagesREGENT COLLEGE BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business Assignment Brief Unit Number: Unit Title: 4 Marketing Principles BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Unit 4: Marketing Principles Assignment Cover Sheet Assignment No: ............................................. I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I have identified and acknowledged all sources used in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard Referencing system. I have readRead MoreBusiness Resources1984 Words   |  8 Pagesbusiness resuirces BTEC Nationals – Unit: 2 Business Resources Assessor: Sam Ramsay | Internally Verified By: Michele Carman | Criteria Achieved | | Comments Against Target Grade: | | Assignment 1 | P1, P2, M2 | | Assignment 2 | P3, M1 | | Assignment 3 | P4, P6, M4, D3, D1 | | Important ResubmissionWhen you resubmit your assignment, you MUST ensure that YOUR CHANGES are shown in red. Failure to do this is likely to result in your work being missed and your original grade standingRead MoreEssay about part 2 unit 6 building technology8555 Words   |  35 Pagesthe document subtitle] | DELL Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Task 1 (P5) Explain principals of superstructure design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 A Low Rise Domestic Dwelling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 A portal Frame†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Task 2 (P6) Describe construction techniques†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Timber Framed.............................Read MoreUnit 1 Health and Social Care16199 Words   |  65 PagesDeveloping effective communication in health and social care UNIT UNIT 11 LO3 Understand ways to overcome barriers in a health and social care environment LO4 Be able to communicate and interact effectively in a health and social care environment one-to-one and group contexts of communication communication and interpersonal interaction strategies aids to communication verbal and non-verbal communication skills effectiveness 3 Contexts of communication in health and social care Health and

A Guide For How Refugee Protection System - 1730 Words

Many countries, Australia included, face the dilemma of balancing doing what is best for their citizens and also helping people from other countries looking to resettle as refugees. In times of unrest and unsafety in their homelands, people often look to immigrate elsewhere for protection. Australia is a large, wealthy country in comparison to many of the other places surrounding it, and therefore many refugees look to Australia for help in times of need. In order to have a structure for the large number of asylum seekers, the Australian government implemented a Refugee Policy in the 1970s. Over time this policy has undergone many changes and caused some controversy, but it continues to act as a guide for how refugee protection system works in Australia and proves its relevance in today’s current events. Australia began seeing a large number of refugees coming over for help around the end of World War II and realized a system was needed to keep track of these new immigrants. O ver 170,000 people migrated to Australia after being displaced from the war, many of these people originating from Poland. In response, Australia created the Department of Immigration in 1945 to help organize the process better. By 1977, the government decided a policy was necessary to create a protocol for refugees entering Australia and on 24 May 1977, Malcolm Fraser and the Coalition Government drafted the first formal policy regarding refugees and immigration. The timing of the policy was crucialShow MoreRelatedAustralia s Treatment Of Desperate Refugees Will Make It A Pariah Nation1269 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate. 2. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jun/20/nauru-and-manus-incident-reports-reveal-stream-of-despair-and-privation This article shows a video interview from psychologist Paul Stevenson, he talks about what really goes on and how Australia can’t see what is really going on at these detention centres. He mentions that the attitude that is expressed from the government perspective is that these people are really in detention centres and not on a holiday camp, meaning that theyRead MoreDoctoral Study Premise Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesglobally with comparatively little research on inequities in access to preventive care experienced by immigrant and refugee populations (Harris, 2012). These observations with regards to influences associated with limited access to health care, acculturation, health literacy, effects of ethnic/cultural health practices and behaviors are also relative to United States’ immigrants and refugee populations, as they are more likely to experience and present with poor health outcomes. Ethical concerns thatRead MoreThe Victim Care Program For The Criminal Justice System Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe victim care program is an important resource that helps victims in the criminal justice system. Refugee and immigrant victims can find it hard to deal with the criminal justice system in the United States. This program is designed to assists these individuals in the court system. This paper will focus on the Victim Care Program in Fort Wayne. An evaluation of this program is aimed at understanding its role and effectiveness. The data provides by Victim Care Program will help to evaluate the worthRead MoreThe Principal Agent System1623 Words   |  7 Pages The principal-agent system also offers employers a chance to screen applicants that they believe might present a â€Å"moral hazard† to the country by entering the social welfare system or becoming criminals. Employers can also monitor immigrants after their settlement, and any immigrant’s status can be jeopardized by an inability to keep a job. The federal government’s delegation of power allows employers to threaten deportation at their own discretion. 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As we can see from the recent crisis for example, Libya (March 2011). Immediately, the number of more than 200,000 people had fled from Libya, mostly migrant workers from Egypt and Tunisia but including many moreRead MoreSave The Children : Children1547 Words   |  7 Pagesservice and care 3. Joyful Joylet C. Child Protection 1. Terrorist, poverty, crimes 2. Vulnerable, safe, suspicion 3. Alimas’ fight IV. Conclusion Millions of children are in need, and Save the Children, a non-profit organization supports those in need. â€Å"Save the Children invest in childhood every day, in times of crisis and for our future. In the United States and around the world, we give children a healthy start, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm† (SaveTheChildren/mission)Read MoreWhat Does Inclusive Education Means? Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesCwlth Disability Discrimination Act. All states and territories have their own anti-discrimination legislation, (e.g. Tasmania: Anti-Discrimination Act 1998), and in addition each jurisdiction has its own legislation in the areas of education, child protection, disability services, and privacy (Ashman Elkin, 2012). As teaching professional, we are obligated to comply with the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers - Australian Institute for School Teaching and Leadership Ltd (AITSL, 2014). AccordingRead MoreGermany : The First Vital Step Is Housing1351 Words   |  6 Pagesthat was not how other developed countries sees these Syrian refugees. According to the blog posted by Pia, H Alvard, L., 2015, that German government also believes that these Syrian refugees would not only increase their economic but also their labor force, and also impact their health care system positively because â€Å"in fact, higher immigration in an area actually reduces waiting times for outpatients there† (Pia Alvard, 2015) . This means that the cost of most sustainable systems services wouldRead MoreThe Chinese Film Shaolin Directed By Benny Chan1509 Words   |  7 Pages00:03:00). The Chinese Film Shaolin directed by Benny Chan tells a story of a historical event that was based on a true story, but warped a little in order to fit the time period of today. Monks are considered high class in the Chinese clan system, while those of a refugee status are no more than mere pigs in the eyes of the Warlords. The Shaolin Monastery is located in the Songshan Mountains in Dengfeng City, Henan Province of today; similarly, the movie is set in Dengfeng city and at the monastery. The

American theatre of the Seven Years War by 1763 Essay Example For Students

American theatre of the Seven Years War by 1763? Essay Fighting was partly a continuation of the Austrian War of Succession of the 1740s and spanned form America to Europe, and from the West Indies to Africa. India was also partly involved in the conflict. This has led historians to name the American theatre of war as the French Indian War 1754-63 (Including the two years of undeclared war, 1754-56). Following the war, Britain emerged as a leader of world politics, and due to the amount of territory gained, confirmed herself as a major Imperial Power. Appendix 2 Prior to the Seven Years War, Prussia had been a smallish state amidst the giant states that controlled European diplomacy, such as the French, Austrians and the Russians. Manipulation of treaties following the Austrian war of succession 1744-48 saw the Prussians siding with the British against the Austrians (who they had been fighting for 5 years over the control of Silesia. ) The war began with Fredericks invasion of the German state of Saxony, as this was a good control base for his armies. Prussias early strength gave them a lot of confidence, with good victories against the Austrians and the French. This is largely down to the military strategies employed by Frederick (he would make his armies engage a weak point in the enemys flank, and then retreat. ) Mirabeau summed up Prussias militaristic nature Prussia was not a state which possessed an army, but an army that possessed a state. (Stephen Lee Aspects of European History p. 191. ) Prussias fate, however, was aided by a great deal of luck later on in the 7 years War. Failure to coordinate a 3 pronged attack by the French, Austrians and Russians allowed Frederick to defeat the invading armies. Meanwhile, Tsarina Elizabeth died, leaving Tsar Peter III to succeed her. The new Tsar was an admirer of Frederick, and immediately signed peace with them, and even supplied them with some troops. The Seven years war was immensely important for Prussia, as it confirmed seat in post-war European politics. In 1870, it was Prussia that unified Germany. Appendix 3 Maps from the Crucible of War The maps all come from the same book, page XXV -map section (Fred Anderson Crucible of war (2000) New France and the British Mainland Colonies in the Seven Years War, 1754-1763 Indian Groups, Regions and Topography of the North American Interior New England, New France and Lake Champlain Hudson Corridor St. Lawrence River Valley and Quebec (June September 1759) Central European Operations 1 Total War is described as a war in which the society at home are affected by the fighting 2 Fred Anderson Crucible of War p. xvi (2000) 3 There were vast numbers of Tribes present in the Americas at the time of the War, but the main ones were the Iroquois, Cherokee, Mohawk and Huron 4 The name given to French imperial designs, and later to their possessions in Canada 5 This was the treaty marking the closure of the Austrian War of Succession. 6 French forts were built at Presque Island (Erie) and on the Rivii re aux Boeufs (Waterford) 7 Francis Jennings Empire of Fortune p. 3 8 See Appendix 1 9 Fort Duquesne had originally been a British site of fortification, sighted by George Washington on his way to deliver a letter demanding the French to leave the region of the Upper Allegheny River. The French captured Fort Prince George while the British were building it, and renamed it Fort Duquesne 10 Although only a young Virginia officer at the time of the Seven Years War, George Washington went on to be an influential figure in the American War of Independence years later, showing the feelings of patriotism growing within the American colonies during the War 11 Francis Jennings Empire of Fortune p. 5 (1988) Bush Fire War is the term used to describe the localised and undeclared conflict taking place in the Ohio valley from 1754-56 between the British and the French 12 At this time, Britain was involved in conflicts in Europe, India, the West Indies and Africa .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .postImageUrl , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:hover , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:visited , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:active { border:0!important; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:active , .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748 .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uade677cb0416f0c573f5d61dc9709748:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A fire in the basement Essay13 The French maintained their grip on the Ohio valley, and captured Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario and Fort William Henry 14 The siege and eventual capture of Fort William Henry was the event shown in the James Fenimore Cooper novel, The Last Of the Mohicans (1826) 15 In 1756, the Quakers had formed an organisation called The Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures. 16 William Pitt the Elder, First Earl of Chatham was a very influential in the later years of the Seven Years War (1757-61), and the Pitt-Newcastle ministry was responsible for a major shift in the course of the War 17 Anderson Crucible of War p. 211 18 Fred Anderson Crucible of War p. 212 19 Op. cit p. 213 20 See Appendix 2 21 Paul Kennedy The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery p. 115 (1976) 22 During this conflict, and many others around the time, the British army were known as the Red Coats, so called as to the red colour of their jackets 23 Also known as the Territorial Army 24 Quote from Frederick II, Fred Anderson Crucible of War p. 213 25 Op. cit p. 214 26 Ibid 27 It can also be seen from the events following the Seven Years War that it had a dramatic effect on the peoples and the politics of the time. The inspired American nationalism led American militiamen, such as George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, with a belief in British sovereignty to rise up in the American war of Independence in the early 19th century. The serious hindrance to French imperialism is also suggested to be a root cause in the French Revolution years later. 28 Op. cit p. 215 29 Kennedy The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery p. 116 30 Ibid 31 Quote from Herbert L. Osgood, Jennings Empire of Fortune p. 353 32 Full title, Captain General William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. He was the main rival of the Pitt-Newcastle ministry, and triumph over Cumberland was a victory in itself 33 See Appendix 3 (Maps) 34 Anderson Crucible of War p. 389 35 Jennings Empire of Fortune p. 409 salutary neglect is the term used to describe how the colonies were originally treated (they were neglected by the British government, and were allowed to be self governing. ) Pitts move to treat them as subordinate jurisdictions angered the colonials, as they moved from playing almost no part in British tax policy to sharing the burden of the war debt that they didnt incur. 36 Lee Aspects of European History p. 285 37 The American Revolution effectively marked a new turn in the history of the continent 38 This is simply looking at the effect of the loans in the wartime years, and not the trouble the huge war debts caused with the colonials post 1763 39 American politics ensured by the generals, such as alliances with the Indian nations (shown by Brigadier General John Forbes establishing peace with the Indians before the invasion of Fort Duquesne, thus cutting off the French) are also a major consideration when looking at the politics of the war James Condie Thursday, 10 May 2007.

Pit Bulls free essay sample

American societies famous bully breeds is too often stereotyped as malicious animals, but that stereotype is false due to evidence that pit bulls can be just as loving as the iconic golden retriever. According to the American Temperament Test, which is a test that focuses on and measures different aspects of temperament such as stability, shyness, aggressiveness, friendliness and self-preservation in the face of a threat shows that Pit Bulls have a temperament of 86.8%, (American Temperament Test Society) a much higher percentage than other breeds which justifies that these animals can withstand a higher tolerance of aggressiveness. If this is the case, why are Pit Bulls one of the most discriminated dog breeds in today’s society? Due to irresponsible owners, Pit Bulls have been labeled cruel and violent animals, leading people to be frightened for themselves, their children, and their pets. By experience and owning a pit bull for oneself, people would begin to understand something entirely different. We will write a custom essay sample on Pit Bulls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pit Bulls are a misunderstood breed; they are one of the most loving and loyal breeds that deserves a fair chance just like any other dog would, but because of irresponsible owners, and their negligence toward teaching their pit bulls the right mannerisms this may never happen. The reputation of the Pit Bull has taken a dramatic downfall in the past few decades due to negative publicity. Originally, Pit Bulls were considered to be   Ã¢â‚¬Å"American darlings†; during WWI they were claimed to be the sweetest and most loving dogs a person could own, but in the 1980’s the view of the â€Å"American darlings† changed due to an illegal â€Å"sport†, dogfighting. Although dogfighting is illegal in all fifty states, inhumane persons who participate in the sport choose pit bulls because of their strong physique and loyal personality, which contribute to the stereotype of all pit bulls being violent due to the public only viewing them as fighters. A famous example of this is the widely known scandal around NFL player Michael Vick, who was convicted of running Pit bull fighting kennels in Smithfield, VA. The outcome of this case brought on more discrimination toward Pit bulls in general. Although Pit Bulls were viewed badly, people still used them as the preferred guard dog not only for the bad as in drug houses and gang members, but also as one would get any dog, to use them as protection for their property. In 1987 an incident regarding a Pit Bull and a two-year-old sent red flags up for this prestigious breed. A pit bull that was under the care of an irresponsible owner had the dog guarding an illegal marijuana crop, in California, when a two-year-old boy who was unsupervised was wandering around and fell victim to the pit bull. This attack was immediately publicized because of the pit bull being involved as the main concern, which made the reputation of Pit Bulls sink even lower. People began to think that Pit Bulls were heartless killers, due to the mis-training of their owners. The public was misinformed; they did not know that the child was wandering around unsupervised in an enclosed area. This situation would create a threat to any guard dog, not just a Pit Bull, and the outcome would have been the same. Because of that horrible mistake, the Pit Bull was killed. In a situation like this, it is in no way the Pit Bull’s fault; he was merely doing his job. Rather, it is the owner’s fault for not clearly training him and the parent’s fault for being careless with their child. This was brought to the courts attention and soon thoughts of a ban against Pit bulls were raised. The public was outraged by this attack and proposed a ban on Pit bulls. This ban was granted throughout 39 or more cities and states without the consent of any animal professionals or the owners of this breed. These bans lead to the death of many innocent Pit Bulls in many areas. Many Cities reportedly spent over two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in rounding up and killing these animals. Devastated owners had their animals confiscated and killed without warning. In Tijeras, New Mexico, the ban was so strictly enforced that animal control officers were allowed to kill any Pit Bull seen on sight without compensation to the owner. Due to their misunderstood reputation, people made rash decisions that affected the lives of many loving Pit Bulls that never stood a chance. They have even become a â€Å"liability† due to their â€Å"overly violent† personalities and because of this have been banned from many areas in the United States. One thing that frightens people the most is a Pit Bulls jaw. While they do have one of the strongest jaws, it is not the strongest. Dr. I. Lerh Brisbin, of the University of Georgia, states, â€Å"The few studies, which have been conducted of the structure of the skulls, mandibles and teeth of Pit Bulls show, that, in proportion to their size, their jaw structure and thus its inferred functional morphology, is no different than that of any [other] breed of dog. There is absolutely not evidence for the existence of any kind of locking mechanism unique to the structure of the jaw and/or teeth of the American Pit Bull Terrier. † There is no evidence to prove that Pit Bulls have unique jaws or any lethal â€Å"lockjaw†. The â€Å"lockjaw† method is learned through training, it is not a special killing tool, and once again the owner creates this issue for the breed. Pit Bulls are not the only kind of dog to be able to do this; most breeds can. The difference is people are already scared of Pit Bulls, so they continue to publicize it much more than the other breeds. Christina Berry, writer for The Lazy Pit Bull states, â€Å"Pit Bulls are the most discriminated dog in the US. This is in part because there are so many myths surrounding them, which makes some people believe theyre not suitable for adoption. This is not true. A rescued Pit Bull can make a wonderful companion. † Once people realize this, then Pit Bull adoption rates will rise and they can be put into good homes. These animals need someone that will take care of them and love them. That is all that is required for a happy dog and no accidents will be encountered. If these animals were provided the rights training and proper care than there would not be any worry about owning one of these animals. There are many precautions that have to be taken when owning these animals. Such as; proper housing and fencing, this contributes to a safe environment where these animals can roam and live without the disturbance of others. Also a calm and secluded area where no one can be around or taunt the animal in its own territory. When these animals are out in the public they should be constantly under supervision, this will allow you to know what the animal is doing at all time and give the proper amount of time to react if the Pit Bull feels threatened. Throughout the awful times many people continue to stand by Pit Bulls, these people are the ones that have experienced owning this loving creature and understand that the bad reputation Pit Bulls have is merely a misconception. I believe that Pit Bulls are the greatest breed a family could have. I have had fourteen Pit Bulls and each one was very special to me. They are very playful, confident, strong, humorous, loving, but most of all loyal. They will do anything for their owners. They are just like any other dog, but unfortunately they are not seen the same. Not one of my Pit Bulls ever harmed or attacked any other animal or human. They continuously proved themselves to being the sweetest animals that many have had the great fortune to meet. What normal, other dogs can do, like jump on somebody or behave like a dog, a Pit Bull can do that and be deemed dangerous, (Kingsbury) Unless people start taking the time to get to know the extraordinary breed that Pit Bulls are, they will never be able to understand their true personality or help them. Pit Bulls need to stop being looked at as monsters and killing machines, they are just like any other dog. They are loving, trusting, loyal, and fun. Pit Bulls are a wonderful versatile breed and are used for many different purposes; Fighting is not the only thing they excel at. They are a breed always focused and determined to please its owner, thus if we start using them for the right purposes these dogs make wonderful therapy, guide, rescue, service, weight pulling, but most of all companion dogs. â€Å"Pit Bulls love people. Although this breed frequently gets a bad rap in the media, if you have ever met a Pit Bull that was raised by a loving, conscientious family then you will understand how much they like to be with people.   All they need is the right kind of guidance, and owner. Pit Bulls are just like any other pet that one takes into their home, these dogs are wrongly named and deceived for the acts they are trained by their owners to do. JRL Solutions states, â€Å"It is in actuality the humans who continue to make a series of hasty or ignorant mistakes that are helping to perpetuate the bad reputation this breed has gained over the last decade. † If a law should pass against these dogs, it should be the law to mandate the right methods of training. To punish these dogs and classify them as malicious or dangerous is a hypocritical judgment as any dog, small, medium, or large could be classified into these categories. After much research and experience as I have had my fair share in taking responsibility and care of this precious breed, it is safe to say that society should rethink their opinions and misconceptions of these dogs. It is proven that they were the â€Å"American darlings† of our time, they have the tolerance to withstand aggressiveness, and they are one of the most loyal companions any man could ask for.

How to Write a Business Email (Updated for 2019)

How to Write a Business Email (Updated for 2019) Business emails are a pillar of modern communication. On any given day, the average office worker receives over 80 emails. That’s a lot of communication. While we send a lot of emails, many of them are not effective. Everyone’s inbox holds those difficult to read or process emails, hanging around because the recipient is unclear on how to reply or act. Don’t let that happen to your business emails. Etiquette, style, and format are essential to writing emails that get results. This article will highlight best practices and walk you through an effective business email, step-by-step. By integrating these methods into your email preparation, you will write better emails and improve overall communication. Four Key Questions: There are four questions that you must consider as you begin to draft a business email: 1. Who is My Audience? In all business writing, the audience is the top consideration. Who you are writing for will determine how you write your email. The reader will determine the tone, formality, and content of the communication. Your email’s reader may be your colleague, client, or supervisor. Each reader will have a different background, project knowledge, and priorities. You can use project acronyms with a colleague who has the same deep project knowledge as you do. Those same acronyms will be confusing to an executive who needs an update for budget forecasting. With your audience at the forefront, you will always write a more effective email. The audience includes all the people included in the sender fields. This includes the To:, CC:. and BCC: fields but main focus should be on those in the To field. Writing for the audience also means using these fields correctly. The ‘To:’ field is for the direct audience who needs to reply or take action from the email content. The ‘CC:’ field is for readers who need to receive the email conversation for reference or clarity, but do not need to take action nor reply. The ‘BCC:’ field is for the audience who only needs to see the initial email and none of the later chain of replies. Incorrect usage of the sender fields is a common business email mistake. It occurs when the audience and their roles are not thoughtfully considered. Use the Bcc field very judiciously. Often it's best to forward an email separately, with a brief statement on why you're sending this information. 2. What is the Purpose? An email must have a purpose. And it must have only one purpose. This email practice is called the ‘one thing rule’. Each email should cover only one specific item, task, or request. Covering multiple actions in one email can cause confusion and inefficiency. One email should not include both client report revision notes and a scheduling question for the quarterly meeting. This scenario calls for two separate emails. By limiting emails to one thing, the email is easier for the recipient to understand, process and act upon. This clarity increases understanding and productivity. In practice, we sometimes have to ask for several pieces of information related to the same topic. In this case, use a numbersed list to clarify for your reader that the request has components. This will help your reader respond easily and ensure you receive all the specifics you need. I need you to review these three items before we release the sketch to the production team: Content Design Color choice 3. Is This Email Necessary? There is a tendency to over-communicate by email. While email is efficient and provides an electronic paper-trail, not all communication should occur over email. Ask yourself: â€Å"Is this email really necessary?† Perhaps a quick phone call or a ping on the company messenger is more appropriate. If you’re expecting a lot of back-and-forth on the topic, a short conversation can eliminate a lengthyemail chain. Choose the right channel to send information. Email is great, but it's one channel. 4. Is Email Appropriate? Email can be used in many scenarios but is not always appropriate. If you are delivering bad news, do so in person or buffer the email thoughtfully. An email is impersonal and is difficult to convey empathy or compassion. If you must write a business apology email follow these rules. Sensitive information sent by email runs the risk of being accidentally shared. There are plenty of cases of email mishaps, ranging from funny to serious. Whether the information is personal contact or personal opinion, consider whether it’s appropriate for an email. If you wouldn’t want it accidentally shared, be very thoughtful about how it is sent in the first place. If you are unsure if an email is appropriate, ask yourself if you'd be comfortable with that email being projected in a meeting. Attending the meeting are your boss, all your future bosses, and your mother. If it passes this test, then send it. If not, there is likely something that is not appropriate. Email Style Business emails have a very specific style. They are professional but brief. They should be written to be skimmed, but with enough information to allow a complete response. If you like this article you may be interestedin our online email writing course. Tone Finding the correct tone can be the biggest headache in drafting an email. The tone changes based on your audience. It can range to formal to friendly but is always professional and should always be matched to your audience. Wordy politeness can often be overlooked in efforts to be brief in emails. However, please and thank you should be included anytime it is appropriate. Avoid ALL CAPS because it SOUNDS LIKE YOU’RE YELLING (and could route your email to the spam folder). If you wouldn’t shout the statement in person, don’t shout it in an email. Instead, use italics,underlining or bold to emphasize important points. Example: Vacation requests must be submitted at least two weeks in advance. Notice the harsh tone if the bold text is swapped for caps: Vacation requests must be submitted AT LEAST TWO WEEKS IN ADVANCE. One exception: Do use all caps in email headings when writing to any organization that strips html formatting from email. The military, military academies, and some financial institutions with strict security protocols often strip html formatting. Headings are very helpful to readers. They allow a reader to skim and find information easily. They're a business writer's best weapon against information overload. Avoid excessive use of punctuation or emojis. Exclamation points should be used sparingly! Emojis continue to have a larger role in digital communication and several style guides have approved their judicious use in business writing. I follow the rule of only using them after the other party has sent one. They should never be used in formal business emails. Format Emails are meant to be skimmed, so they should have plenty of white-space to assist the reader. Use shorter paragraphs, lists and bullet points to streamline the information. And, use headings to break up concepts and allow a reader to skim. In addition, awkward formatting copied from other documents or emails can be distracting. To have seamless formatting for your email, strip the text formatting of the new content by using your email client’s Remove or Formatting function. Here are the most common formatting features and how to use them. Font: The font is the typeface that you should choose for your email. It is best to choose a sans serif (a typeface without decorative strokes at the end) as they are more modern and simple and easy to read onscreen. They are also easier to read at a small size. Gmail uses Sans Serif as the default. You could also use Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Terbuchet MS, or Verdana. Text Size: You should try to keep your email in the normal size. This is between 10–12pt. Bold: You can use bold for headings and to emphasise important text. Bold text catches the eye of readers as they scan the email. Italics: Italics are a softer way to draw attention to an area of text. They are used to bring emphasis to an area of a sentence. They do not make words stand out when the user is scanning a page the way bold text does. Italics should also be used for titles of full works. Underline: Underlined text can easily be confused for a link. When writing an email, it's best not to use underlined text to draw attention to an area of an email. It is better to use bold or italics. Text Color: You should avoid using multiple text colors in an email as it draws the eye in to multiple locations and looks unprofessional. It is likely that your email program makes your hyperlinks blue. Alignment: Business writing uses text that is fully aligned left. Academic writing indents the first sentence of a paragraph five spaces. In business email, you will never need to indent the start of a paragraph. Users scan pages in a F-shapped pattern. By changing the alignment it makes it more difficult for the reader to skim. Numbers: Using a numbered list can help organize content where the sequence is important. For example if you were describing steps you would want to use a numbered list. Bullet Points: Bullet points are a great way to create white space on your page and draw attention to related items. Bullet points work best for unordered lists. Indent More: In business emails you should not indent the first sentence of a new paragraph. A line break represents the start of a new paragraph. The indent more button allows you to add an indent to text. This is useful on rare occasions when you want to indicate that some information is a subset of what preceeded it. It creates a visual indication that the indented information is less important. Indent Less: This allows you to move your content to the left Quote Text: If you are referring to quoted text you should use the quote text function. It provides a slight indent to your content and a grey vertical line to the left. This shows readers that you are quoting text. Remove Formatting: If you are pasting text into your email it is vital you use the remove formatting function. Otherwise you will paste the text styles and it will be obvious to your reader that you copy and pasted that text. To use this function select the text you want to remove formatting. Then click the remove formatting button. Email Overview Let's dissect each section of a business email to highlight best practices for you to implement in your writing. Subject Line The subject line is the mini-summary of your email. It provides the biggest opportunity to ensure your email gets read. The goal of a subject line is to get your reader to open the email without tricking them. It is also the place where mistakes are most commonly made. Think of it as your email’s headline. It should be a 3- to 8-word overview of the content. Subject lines that are too brief or too lengthy cause confusion. If it makes the email seem difficult or confusing to reply to, the recipient may not open it immediately or at all. Bad Examples: ‘Important!’ ‘For Your Review’ ‘Questions About Expansion Performance Target Report Deadline Extension Request† For Client Meeting’ Good Examples: ‘Your BookShop Order Delivery Dec 2’ ‘Client Report Revisions: Please Review by 4 PM’ ‘Expansion Report Extension Requested until Friday’ Email clients will also review the subject line for signs of spam. This is especially important for sales teams who may be cold-emailing clients. Certain terms are flags for spam algorithms and may be filtered to a Junk folder. Avoid using words such as ‘Sales’, ‘Please read’ or ‘Profits’, or having one-word subjects.Also make sure you are replying to the correct thread. Do not use an old email thread for a new topic. Greeting Your greeting should be professional and concise. It is always preferable to address the recipient using their name, but it may not always be possible. Good afternoon, Greetings, Dear Ms. Jones: Hi Jeff, (salutation format) Hi, Jeff. (sentence format) Brief Pleasantry If you’re emailing someone for the first time, your opening line could be a short pleasantry connecting you and the recipient. One sentence should be enough. Indicate how you connected. This reminder will give the reader context for the following information. â€Å"It was great to meet you at last night’s networking event.† If you’ve received something from the recipient, offer your thanks. It could be a thank you for an offer of assistance, for an interesting piece of content they shared or even for simply reading the email. â€Å"Thank you for sharing your article on management strategies. The findings are valuable.’ ‘I appreciate you taking the time to help me with this project.’ If you want to keep it general, warm well-wishes will do. ‘I hope you’re well!’ Omit a pleasant greeting if you’ve recently or frequently communicated with each other. Be very careful of overspinning pleasantries at the start of the email. The purpose of your email should be the overt start. Remember the acronmy B.L.O.T- bottom line on top. What do you want your reader to know or do? That's the most important opening. Purpose As previously noted, each email should address just one thing, one purpose. This task, request or information should be presented clearly and directly after the pleasantry. This is the B.L.O.T- bottom line on top. Be concise and direct. Don’t hide your request or it can easily be overlooked or ignored. ‘Please provide your feedback on the budget.’ ‘Can you participate in the project kick-off meeting next Thursday? ‘Did you have any revisions to the final report?’ Remember the acronym B.L.O.T. - Bottom Line On Top Additional Information Some business emails may require additional information for the reader. It could be clarification on the task, a link to resources or examples, or other helpful information. This information should be included thoughtfully. Only directly relevant content should be added. Call to Action Near the end of the email, include a specific call to action. The email is being sent to accomplish one task. The call to action should leave no confusion as to your request. Do not assume the reader understands the desired result from prior information. Emails can easily be misinterpreted if there is any grey area. This statement should include the specific action and the timeline. If you are sending the email to multiple people, clarify task responsibility by directly naming the intended person. Clarification of tasks and expectations allows for the recipient to respond more effectively. Bad examples: â€Å"Can you take care of this?† â€Å"Let me know what you think.† Good examples: â€Å"Sarah: can you forward the survey to all staff by Friday at noon, please?† â€Å"I’d appreciate your feedback on the draft agenda. If you have any edits, please send them by tomorrow, Tuesday, at 10 AM.† If you would like a confirmation, you can phrase the call to action as a question. If the call to action is a notification that does not necessarily require a reply, you can structure the call to action as a statement. Closing Message The closing message simply indicates that the email is complete. While it is not a requirement in modern email writing, a brief, polite phrase will nicely round out your email. ‘Thank you for your time,’ ‘I look forward to your response,’ ‘Kind regards,’ Sign-off Signature The end of the email includes a sign-off of your name. The phrasing should match the formality of the email. Most formal: Dr. John Smith Dr. Smith John Smith Least formal and most common: John Your email signature is a type of electronic business card that is appended to your email. It should include the most important context and contact details for your reader. This is the place to help your reader with relevant contact or contextual information, not brag or insert philosophical quotes. Images and logos can be useful, but be aware of the sizing and how they will appear on mobile devices. Attachments and Links Any referenced attachments or links must be included in the email. Either name the file so that it is clearly identified or include the document title in parenthesis immediately after you mention it in the email. Don’t make the reader go hunting for the information they need. If an attachment was sent to the recipient previously, attach it again anyway. This way, they can easily access the information rather than searching through their inbox. Of course, double-check that the file is attached and correct. Forgetting to include an attachment requires an unnecessary (and embarrassing!) reply requesting it, which can delay the work. Links can be directing the reader either to websites or to intranet directories. These hyperlinks can be lengthy and distracting in email text. Instead, integrate the hyperlink into the existing sentence. Good example: You may find this technical writing resource useful in preparing the report. You should also test the link to ensure that it opens the correct site. Review Once your email is composed, do not click send. Yet. Take a moment to review your email. Check for grammatical or spelling errors (Grammarly has a helpful free tool). Typos suggest carelessness and can even convey incorrect information. Double-check dates, times, names, links, attachments and other specific details. Triple-check that the correct recipients are in the sender fields. Our Favorite (Free) Email Hacks Undo Send Have you ever clicked send and then gasped in horror? Perhaps it’s an ‘I didn’t mean to send it to that Brad!’ situation. Or it may be the less embarrassing but still annoying ‘I meant to include Brad on that email!’ scenario. Thankfully, some email clients have found a solution to this potential embarrassment with the addition of ‘Undo Send’. In Gmail, you can enable this function in Settings. You can choose from a 5 to 30 second cancellation period. In OutLook, you can recall an unread email sent to a recipient with an Exchange account in the same organization. This feature does not work will in practice because if it has been read by anyone, it cannot be recalled. In this case, simply forward the email with an error and state your apology and clarification. Canned Responses in Gmail Do you send the same email over and over again? Save time by using Canned Responses in Gmail. This function allows you to save standard emails. When you would like to send the standard reply, simply select your preferred prepared template in the Compose window. You can also set Canned responses to send automatically to inbound email with specific details. Filters and Folders Is your inbox overwhelming? Thoughtful use of filters and folders can help reduce email stress. You can label and even color-code emails from specific people or even whole domains. These labels will allow the emails to be easily archived once read. You can set up filters to automatically mark as read or archive low priority reference emails, like a delivery tracking update. A short investment in setup time will provide long-term time savings. Schedule Emails with Boomerang Are you working late, but want your email to arrive in your client’s inbox first thing tomorrow morning? You can schedule emails to send at a specified time in the future using the Boomerang add-on. Caution:If you are sending information to recipients who report to you, don't send late evening emails because it can create an expectation of 24/7 work across your team. Schedule the emails to send at the start of normal work hours. Keyboard shortcuts Drafting an effective business email takes time. However, you can save time by using keyboard shortcuts. Save clicks while selecting emails, marking unread, adding a hyperlink and more. Check out the shortcuts for Gmail and Outlook. Track email opens If you’ve ever sent the email: ‘I’m just checking to see if you got this.’, then you should be using email tracking. There are a wide range of email add-ons and applications that will track if your email is opened by the recipient. Conclusion The volume of email we receive and send can sometimes diminish our motivation to write an effective business email. Consider the four key questions when preparing an email. Write it in a way that is concise yet clearly conveys the information and request to the reader. Your reader, and their inbox, will appreciate it.

Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Jurisprudence - Essay Example The people affected in the new legislations include ethnic minority groups which in turn undermines civil liberties and the basic human rights of the individuals involved. In 2000, counter terror laws were passed which had serious drawbacks in relation to human rights. Some of the laws passed included indefinite detention without fair trial of any foreign nationals who by any reason were considered to have an involvement in terror activities. Another one included up to sixteen hours of house arrest without charge to individuals who the security organs considered a threat as far as terrorism was considered. Pre-charge detention which was passed into law at that time also allowed a fourteen day detention of individuals in terrorism cases which compared to any law was the longest in detention of individuals before trial. The Terrorism Act 2000 had many contentious sections especially the one which was later repealed that allowed stop and search on individuals without suspecting them. The laws set were found to be infringing on the rights of peaceful protestors and ethnic minority groups which should be allowed to hold their demonstrations in peace. The definition of terrorism in counter terror laws which includes individuals with religious, racial, or political cause that may be viewed as having or causing individuals to become radicals. For instance, the Islamic religion has been related to terror activities due to the involvement of some individuals found to be Muslims in terror activities. In countering terrorism, the speeches made by individuals that are purported to support terrorism were considered to be part of terrorism. This broad definition of terrorism have been found to be wrong since there are no strict measures put in place to categorize a piece of information as supporting terror. This could lead to some people being considered criminals due to the speeches they

The Role of Emotion-focused Theory in Functional Assessment Essay

The Role of Emotion-focused Theory in Functional Assessment - Essay Example New models of marital suffering, such as Gottmans model, also have grounding in the observation and the coding of exact interactions flanked by intimates, as do models of adult close relationships such as accessory theory. Moreover, it is perhaps not astonishing, then, that there is consonance in the middle of EFT as a model of intervention, researched evocative models of distress, and relational theories such as accessory. Distressed couples taught Les Greenberg and me, the inventor of EFT, how to describe the procedure of alter outlined in EFT and the interventions that endorse this change procedure. Moreover, the primary EFT manual was written as part of the first result study, which compared EFT to untreated couples and couples who finished a behavioral communication and skills training intrusion. The consequences of EFT in this primary study were imposing sufficient to spark another two decades of research on EFT(Elliott, R., Watson, J. C., 2004). No doubt, this study utilized evocative assessment methods to expand hypotheses regarding the function of lunchtime behavior troubles for three characteristically developing children. No doubt, functional treatment was assessing in the natural setting through caregivers as change agents. In general, results of the evocative assessment suggested that every childs difficulty behavior was upheld by flee and, to a lesser extent, attention. In adding, this study optional that straight observation was more dependable than a behavioral interview or survey in acquiring the information essential to expand hypotheses on factors maintaining a childs mealtime behavior evils. Lastly, a functional treatment wrap up consisting of death, stimulus fading, and strengthening of suitable eating behaviors put into practice by the caregivers was effectual in decreasing the mealtime behavior evils for two of the children who continued in the study, thus given that

Technical and Vocational Education Essay Example for Free

Technical and Vocational Education Essay Technical and Vocational Education through open learning trends, developments and issues from a local perspective Technical and Vocational subject areas in many countries seem to be locked to a particular frame work The framework that postulates that TVET is a subject area taught to persons who are academically challenged. It is the notion of many parents and by extension the society that TVET means a plain supplier of skilled labour to the workforce and is unable to be on the same plateau as those persons pursuing medicine or law. With growing concerns about TVET and the need to share the vision, that it is through TVET that most great inventions are arrived at. A new way of teaching and learning has been adopted and introduced in New Zealand ,it is called open learning. The changing world of work TVET policymakers believe that the infusion of open learning and TVET is indeed the way to move forward. Open learning is said to be embracing a new era in our world, one that is moving from the industrial to the knowledge age. Knowledge is said to be changing and there is an immense need for re-skilling and retooling of persons. According to the article avoidance of embracing this new type of learning could mean that one might be left on the way side of technology. Trends in distance vocational and technical education and training New Zealand has seen a shift in the work patterns in that there is a decrease in many of the traditional trade –related areas, while there is an increase in the service sectors and the social sciences. The vocational market is characterized by the need of various skilled persons that will require current competencies; therefore individuals are encouraged to keep abreast with current trends. One of the ways in which New Zealand tries to confront these issue is by introducing the open learning. It has been over emphasized in the article that the world of work is rapidly changing , hence there is the need to upgrade and be reskilled.. Increased participation Open learning in New Zealand has played a vital role in making TVET more accessible. It requires low cost structure for high volume courses. Even though the government of New Zealand has cut back on expenditure in TVET, there are companies who are injecting capital in the program to make it a possibility. Address the skills gap Like many counties New Zealand has generic skills gap, and this is evident at all levels of the work place. The generic gap includes literacy, numeracy, communication and interpersonal skills. It is believed that these generic skills are prerequisites to any sector of the workforce. Surveys were done showing that graduates are more often hired for their learning skills than their specific knowledge. Another key issue is that while many persons are employed in small companies there is little scope for training. There are other problems such as when an institution starts a programs which it deems as a necessity and the program fails due to low student enrollment for that specific course. An example of such a course was developed jointly with a Canadian provider. The course had to be discontinued after three years due to lack of student enrollment. Qualification In regards to qualifications it was stated that TVET(through open learning) is now offering a wide variety of courses, but this is with some amount of drawback as some of these new courses have very little â€Å"shelf life†. Staff patterns have to be changed in that facilitators have to be more flexible and be willing to move with the technological era, also the facilitator have to be more focused on the needs of the learner. The facilitator of TVET areas have to be credible even in their own work as open learning faces seamless challenges. The facilitators should have significant and ongoing staff development. Some of the issues outlined in the document included shortening of life knowledge, technology, Quality assurance, Co-operation and competition and the roles and impact of government policies. Conclusion Open learning is an avenue that is presenting both teacher and learner a new flexible way of sending and receiving information. Although the union between open learning and TVET has challenges it is embracing the use of technology to present traditional vocational areas in a way that is now accepted by the government and other shareholders. One support for the open learning is the postal system which is very efficient. Open learning also boast its ability to provide quality output which was once limited to studying on traditional campuses. One of the greatest set back to the system is the role of the government in the whole process. Students have been facing undue pressure since the government has been a lot of cutbacks. Open learning is proving that it is the way to enter into the technological sphere. It is flexible, it reinforces , it fosters independent learning, while providing immediate transfer of skills.

marine worms :: essays research papers

Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. They have the simplest body plan of all bilaterally symmetrical animals. They are called flatworms because their bodies are compressed. The mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity the flatworms have. Food is taken in through this hole and wastes are discharged also through this hole. Flatworms have a well-defined nervous, muscular, excretory, and reproductive system. The flatworm distributes the food it digests through a digestive tube that branches throughout all of its body parts. The fact that the worm’s body is flat serves many purposes. It allows the worm to hid in small spaces, to fit into the opening of other animals if the worm is parasitic, and it means that all the cells are close enough to the surface for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment (Meinkoth 399).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are about thirty thousand species of worms in the phylum Platyhelminthes. Twenty five thousand of these worms are parasitic, which is the vast majority of the phylum. The flatworms only account for four thousand of the worms in the phylum, but they are said to be very beautiful compared to the parasitic worms (Snyderman and Wiseman 83). Flatworms display bilateral symmetry, which means that their bodies have a distinctive head and rear, and their right and left sides are mirror images of each other. The fact that these worms are bilaterally symmetric enables them to move from place to place more efficiently. This trait can help the worms catch their food and get away from their enemies. It can help them find a mate and move from location to location. If they were not made like this, they would have very little control over their bodily movements, and not be able to survive in the ocean (Snyderman and Wiseman 84).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some other characteristics that make worms of the phylum Platyhelminthes unique are the fact that they are light sensitive. They often try to avoid brightly lit areas. They are so sensitive because they possess’ bundles of light-sensitive eyes that are often described as primitive eyes (Snyderman and Wiseman 84). Another interesting characteristic of the flatworms is that they are hermaphroditic. This means that they posses both male and female reproductive organs. When one learns of this they may think that self-fertilization would be common, but it is not. Flatworms also posses amazing regenerative properties. When they lose a body part, a new one will form, and it some cases, the body part often regenerates an entirely new flatworm (Snyderman and Wiseman 84).

Air Traffic Management Concept Essay

This paper aims to show some major issues regarding the integration of future ground-based ATM decision support systems (The Air Traffic Management Concept) and how these systems will improve the human factor in the air traffic system. If present airspace procedures continue as it is, escalating traffic demands are presumed to compromise many things. Among these are on-time performance, security, and safety. Dealing with these escalating airspace aptitude prerequisites would necessitate considerable adjustment and enhancement to current-day procedures. One attempt in solving this problem is to give airlines more liberty in doing their own schedules and selections of traffic routes while still continuing to disperse tasks for partition and arrival planning to the ATSP. ATSP stands for Air Traffic Service Providers. Air Traffic Control-oriented tactics centers on airspace reorganization and development or improving of tools for air traffic managers and controllers which in turn, would enable them to handle air traffic more carefully and effectively. In the Air Traffic Management segment of the Terminal Area Productivity program, they were working on the incorporation of future ground-based ATM decision support systems with that of FMS (Flight Management System) furnished aircraft contained in the terminal district, the researches and illustrations centered on amplifying airport capacity. They do this by making use of the CTAS or Center TRACON Automation System for producing effective trajectories. Data connect for communicating the said trajectories into the aircraft and Flight Management System furnished aircraft for flying them accurately (The Boeing Company, 2001). In this regard major airports which are plagued by the difficulties of aircraft arrival rushes should be studied. The objective was to present a safe, highly competent flow of traffic which would begin from en route into TRACON airspace which dependably transports aircraft to the runway entry, while preserving as much flight crew suppleness and authorities as sensible. Triumphant planning and implementation of an effective arrival flow necessitates a meticulous knowledge of all aircraft and operators. Knowledge on traffic managements as well as on spacing limitations is also needed. It should also include synchronization among controllers, flight crews, as well as traffic administration. The plan for future ground-based ATM decision support systems could be imagined as a human-centered system on which the controllers as well as the pilots would employ processes, flight management mechanization as well as evaluation support tools to aggressively supervise traffic arrival. It could be seen that they aim for a future air traffic system which are run and supervised by the ATSP and they anticipate this to be ready by 2010. ATSP stands for Air Traffic Service Providers (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). . The operational theory for attaining effectiveness developments over current procedures is to map an effective arrival stream earlier than necessary and then implement the arrival plan as accurately as could be. They also presented a â€Å"multi-sector arrival planner† Air Traffic Control arranges to link the breach among traffic administrators, dispatchers as well as the sector controllers. The planner’s duties include producing the most effective schedule and arrangement for all incoming aircraft and conflict-free flight routes which would always be able to meet the schedules. The planner organizes the engendered flight routes. The sector controllers concerns would then on use a graphical coordination apparatus. After analyzing the recommended flight path, the sector controllers delivers fitting authorizations to the flight crews. The flight crews would then pursue the cleared path accurately applying their flight management mechanization. Sector controllers are in charge in preserving division and modifying the arrival plan to new situations. Automation and processes are planned in order to aid with all the above mentioned tasks (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). The Terminal Area Productivity concept is more calculated than the current system but the controllers are vigorously engaged with everything in the procedure of developing and implementing a traffic flow plan which would be used for arrival rush. Although it drastically modifies the tasks of the stakeholders it does not alter their accountabilities. The first flight deck oriented recreation revealed that data link procedure in the fatal region was adequate and advantageous for the flight crews. Usually crews favor a Boeing 777 which decreases heads-down time on the arena. They could productively use the sides flight management purpose LNAV to the concluding method fix. A VSD model was launched to aid in using Flight Management System automation nearer to the ground. This was meted with high markings by the flightcrews. Vital workload or operation disparities cannot be found among situations with and without the Vertical Situation Display or VSD (The Boeing Company, 2001). A flight reproduction at NASA Langley Research Center yielded a promising result. It showed that miscalculations on arrival time at the closing approach fix could be considerably lessened. This could be done by flying TRACON trajectories with Flight Management System supervision as compared with heading vectors. The preliminary illustration of CTAS/FMS procedures with controllers showed the promise for augmenting the effectiveness of arrival streams by using the CTAS tools for planning and supervising. The devised controller interface with the mechanization and the data link was tolerable. However, it could still make use of further enhancements. There are a number of drawbacks which had been mentioned here. Among the said drawbacks are too much information in the data block, an inept and complex course trial planning interface as well as the three button mouse. The operational concept however, obtained good feedbacks and the controllers were eager for the promise it shows. The Advanced Air Transportation Technology is a branch of NASA’s ASC program. ASC stands for Aviation System Capacity. Its goal is to better the overall operation of NAS (National Airspace System). In so as to attain this goal AATT is building up decision support technologies and processes to help National Airspace System stakeholders. The vision of the Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project concerning far-term National Airspace System procedures is represented in the Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management concept (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management is aiming for a free-flight environment on which flight crews would be able to take more part on decision making processes. Rather than merely implementing controller directions, the crews would have more liberty in asking for and choosing flight routes. Developed on-board automation for variance detection and resolve would affect the pilot’s behavior, hence influencing controller’s attitude and placing more conditions on ground automation and information sharing. The Distributed Air Ground concepts cover an assortment of probable means to handle arrivals varying from continuous free-flight to fully ground-controlled. There are two extremes in the process. The first is the free-flight to the threshold. The second is Ground (ATSP) Controlled Arrival. The free-flight to the threshold entails that the flight deck in charge for route planning and division from the aircraft all the way through the arrival. The aircraft turns up at the Center in free flight. It is accountable for extricating itself from other traffic. Traffic flow management restraints for going into the terminal region are made accessible to the flight crew. The flight crews in turn modify their terminal arrival plan fittingly. Upon drawing near the TRACON airspace, the flight crews pick the aircraft which they desire to track to the threshold and choose the appropriate assimilating and spacing boundaries then they would go after the lead aircraft to the runway. Ground (ATSP) controlled arrival is another extreme in that this is very near to the concept illustrated on the earlier TAP research. Upon coming in the terminal airspace free flight is terminated for the incoming traffic. Ground-based traffic managers are then responsible for two things. Their responsibility ranges from making a schedule and arrival trajectories to communicating them to the aircrafts. The aircraft could downlink a certain flight path demand that the Air Traffic Service Providers may or may not agree into. Accountability for division and route planning keeps on the ground all over the course of the arrival stage. The flight crew obtains more tactical Flight Management System and spacing authorizations than in today’s tactical settings (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Free flight to the threshold would necessitate added aircraft equipment. This may involve RTA and CDTI. Conflict detection and resolution algorithm could also be included. RTA stands for Required Time of Arrival while CDTI stands for Cockpit Display of Traffic Information. Ground controlled arrivals are a little different. They do not make use of the aircraft abilities in the most effective conduct. Aside from that they put the whole flow supervision problems on the controller. The future air traffic system would direct arrivals in such a way that it would be lying between the boundaries of the two extremes mentioned earlier. This opens the possibility of moving from ground-controlled into a free-flight (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Experiments and operational performances would illustrate which concept seems to be most suitable. The amount of free-flight against Air Traffic Control could be dependent on the traffic circumstances, facility performances, aircraft equipments, and airline inclinations. Those who are in charge sees the need for the air traffic system to be devised to have room for all potential forms operation between the extremes discussed in this paper. Thus, all enabling technologies ought to be enhanced, incorporated and assessed, including the following: a. Cockpit Display of Traffic Information with airborne conflict detection b. FMS with Required Time of Arrival capacities. c. On-board integration and spacing apparatus d. ADS-B and CPDLC data link communication e. Traffic Management advisory apparatus f. Ground-based conflict detection and resolution g. Ground based tools for trajectory generation with meet time constraints (NASA Ames Research Center, 2003) Most of the above mentioned equipments are already obtainable in remote examination models. Those in charge are presently in the course of assimilating them at NASA Ames Research Center to generate a model environment that permits examining these concerns. They are also expanding an arrival concept that supplies the elasticity to alter the quantity of self division to traffic flow management restraints and other necessities. They also originally mean to maintain the free-flight airspace apart from the ground-controlled airspace. The border can be denoted as a curve about the meter fix or the adjacent arrival gate or a plain elevation floor. This can be attuned for traffic intricacy. Very low traffic circumstances could be different. In such cases the free flight region could be as near to the airport as the gauge fix. The arrival setting starts with the aircraft which would arrive at the Center in what they call to be a â€Å"free maneuvering mode†. The flight crews are in charge for division, traffic management restraints at the metering fix are then on relayed from the planner. This is done by using the CTAS Traffic Management Advisor to the flight level, the flight crew on the other hand, is the one anticipated to prepare their flight route to land at the metering fix near the probable time. That is, if scheduling is necessary. The flight crew would then be informed as to where the free flight periphery presently stops. The flight crew would also be informed when to confirm things with the controller (NASA Ames Research center, 2002). The arrival planner continues appraising the circumstances by means of Descent Advisor apparatus and attempts to produce an arrival arrangement for the ground-controlled airspace that the arrival planner would convey to the sector controllers. Once the sector controller obtains the test in from the free maneuvering aircraft, he would then on call off free flight and release the arrival authorization to the aircraft. This would be founded on aircraft choice and arrival plan in that they are likely to fly the arrival authorization to the meter fix accurately. The Center TRACON Automation System apparatus help the TRACON controllers in shaping appropriate aircraft pairs for getting in-trail spacing authorizations. Division in charge hangs about with the organizer all the way through the TRACON (NASA Ames Research center, 2002). This setting permits us to examine most facets of the appropriate Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management concept fundamentals and constructs on the preceding arrival research especially since current deliberations with controllers and pilots was met with positive feedbacks. Among the probable advantages of Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management are: †¢ Amplified user effectiveness/flexibility. DAG-TM presents users paramount prospect to self-optimize their ventures within the vigorous restraints of the Air Traffic Management System. †¢ Amplified system capabilities. Allocation of division accountability to properly furnished aircraft and Air Traffic Service Providers-based DSTs could possibly lessen controller workload, thus permitting the Air Traffic Service Providers to control more traffic. †¢ Amplified system safety because of an important increase in situational understanding and allocation of workload. †¢ Allocation of the expenditures for National Air Space innovation between users and the Air Traffic Service Providers. †¢ Lessened user reliance upon Air Traffic Service Providers assistances and a ground-based infrastructure. This could also intensify global interoperability (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). As could be seen the integration of future ground-based ATM decision support systems is very promising. These new technology would indeed be helpful in aiding to augment the overstrained air traffic control systems. This new technology let aircrafts operate safely about traffic and airspace perils (i. e. weather), while still going in accordance with the traffic flow restraints delivered by ground-based controllers (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). To try this particular concept, they asked pilots and air traffic controllers to coordinate with each other along with the NASA researchers for a combined simulation. The simulation utilized air traffic control and deck laboratories. â€Å"This joint simulation tested our technology in an almost real-world environment,† stated project manager Mike Landis. â€Å"More than 20 pilots sat at computer workstations ‘flying’ simulated aircraft into a mock-up of the Dallas/Fort Worth airspace. Pilots also flew one of NASA’s high-fidelity, full- motion flight simulators in the joint experiment. The air traffic controllers were able to see all of these aircraft on displays, and the pilots used an autonomous flight management system to plan their own routes and safely and seamlessly fit into the traffic flow. Controllers were able to watch their progress on simulated air traffic control monitors† (Dino, 2004). The airborne segment of the mock-up employed promising technologies which offered real-time air traffic and risk information. It also examined all aircrafts and airspace peril in the surrounding area. Complicated cockpit technology warned the pilots to any sign of conflicts. It also alerts the pilots into how to stop more difficulties when maneuvering. Solutions were offered mechanically or with the use of manual flight route planning apparatus. This is a visual illustration of the DAG-TM concept. â€Å"On the ground, air traffic controllers used new computer software to work the mix of autonomous and conventional air traffic. NASA researchers developed experimental controller workstations for the joint simulation, integrating custom display enhancements with special planning, traffic flow management, and pilot-controller communication technologies† (Dino, 2004). Special software was used to aid in running the traffic flow. This special software was also used to aid the aircrafts which were not furnished with the self-sufficient flight management system, in this regard air traffic control automation observed every aircrafts. They are also responsible for cautioning the controller regarding possible conflicts. These conflicts could be found amid the autonomous and managed traffic. Researchers also examined the way the pilots and air traffic controllers coped with this new invention. â€Å"Researchers measured how hard the pilots and controllers were working,† said Parimal Kopardekar, human factors and operations sub-project manager. â€Å"It’s important that they find this job relatively easy to do, even as traffic levels go up. We believe the computer automation technology will make a big difference† (Dino, 2004). As could be seen the future ground-based ATM decision support systems is very promising. It is of great help for managing air traffic. This method could consent for the effective planning of flights with the use of the most effective paths and flexibility in flight processes. Little by little, as air carriers furnish aircrafts with new technologies, they could effortlessly incorporate them into the system and harvest instant advantages. â€Å"As air travel rebounds in the coming years, additional traffic will tax the air traffic control system beyond its current capability,† said Mark Ballin, aircraft systems and operations sub-project manager. â€Å"NASA is working to develop technologies to transform the way air traffic is managed† (Dino, 2004). A definition for DAG-TM was organized by a multi-disciplinary squad. This team was created by the AATT project office, the Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management is illustrated by allocated decision-making among the flight deck, Air Traffic service Providers and AOC. It is also a National Airspace System operation which augments user effectiveness, flexibility and system capabilities. The Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management advocates that the said definition be assessed as one probable expansion of the numerous Free Flight execution methods presently under deliberation. The concept of strategic arrival management illustrated in the Terminal Area Productivity research could be seen to have many potential. The Distributive Air Ground research shifts from a ground-controlled setting to a more disseminated setting with probably uneven division tasks. NASA Ames is presently organizing a research setting to examine Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management with all main technologies incorporated. Preliminary concepts and settings have been identified and conferred with pilot or controller center groups. Based from the simulations they conducted one could not help but admit the promises this new technology offers. If this new technology is put into use soon it could greatly help in saving time. It would also be beneficial in the sense that this new technology advocates safety as one of its primary goals. As air traffic lessen, safety increases and with that there is definitely no reason not to support this new development. References Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT), Project Aviation System Capacity (ASC), & Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1999). Concept Definition for Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/dagconop. pdf Dino, J. (2004). Coast-to-Coast Simulation Tests New Air Traffic Management Concepts [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. nasa. gov/vision/earth/improvingflight/DAG-TM. html NASA Ames Research Center. (2002). DAG-TM Concept Element 5 En Route Free Maneuvering Operational Concept Description [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/rto/RTOFinal72_DAGCE50CD. pdf NASA Ames Research Center (2003). DAG-TM Concept Element 6 En Route Trajectory Negotiation Operational Concept Description [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/rto/RTOFinal72_DAGCE60CD. pdf The Boeing Company. (2001). Air Traffic Management [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. emotionreports. com/downloads/pdfs/traffic_management. pdf

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs - 936 Words

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Essay The Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs was originally developed by the Psychologist Abraham Maslow; his theory basically describes the stages of the human needs which he explained through in his paper A Theory of Human Motivation. The first and most important need for a person is physiological: these are the physical requirements for human survival, without these requirements the human body could not function properly. These are the most important needs to fulfill and should be met first. Some examples of physiological needs are: water, food, sleep, sex, breathing, excretion and homeostasis. One product that would satisfy this need would be Dasani, bottled water which is a product of the largely Coca-Cola†¦show more content†¦A service that fulfills this need is the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. This hotel now a day is owned by Marriott international chain. It offers customers a service of hospitality and tourism, always located in the heart of famous cities. Also is one of the most known and prestigious hotels in the world who provide guests a service of lodging and a wonderful experience of an incredible night. Customers buy this service because they want to feel the experience of being part of this prestige hotel and it’s a very high quality five stars service, which it involves an expensive price but people pay this to feel this experience and feel good about themselves, it’s a luxury. In conclusion, I think that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an effective theory that describes the stages of human needs, which can be used as a reference for many people, societies and also for many companies for the purpose of organization and personal development. We cannot have automatic self-actualization without passing through the first needs, each are steps that shows different motivation needs, in its hierarchy Maslow’s describes them step by step, even though some of this needs may occur at the same time. References Maslow, A.H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–96. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm Maslow, A.Show MoreRelatedMaslow Hierarchy of Needs766 Words   |  4 Pages1943, Abraham Maslow developed a theory in psychology known as the Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is mostly often used as a pyramid, as shown on the title page. One of the many interesting things that Maslow noticed, is the layers of physiological needs, safety and security needs, the needs for loving and belonging, esteem needs, and self-actualization, in that order(working from the bottom layer of the pyramid up). The physiological needs include the basic needs that are vitalRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs1409 Words   |  6 Pagesset of needs that motivate our communication and our responses to messages. While not everyone’s priorities are identical, our needs resemble one another’s† (Steinberg, 2007:22). This assignment will discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It will look at real life examples of each component. It will also identify and explain each component. An appropriate diagram will be given to support my answers. At the end of this assignment one should have a full understanding of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. 2. ExplanationRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1741 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs include five levels, and at the certain extent, reflect the rule of human s activities on psychological and behavior. Herzberg’ describe the more details of worker agree or disagree about working. In this essay, more related knowledge details and effects will de described, then, analysis the two theories individual, choose a better one. II. Describe the two theories. 2.1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs The Maslow’s hierarchy of needsRead MoreMaslow‚Äà ´s Hierarchy of needs1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow foster the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslow s ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs toward the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and ability of employees to carry out their own unique potential (self-actualization) are today more related than everRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1524 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realization and fulfillments and that behavior could be gratified while using multiple types of needs at the same time. Maslow wanted to find positive motivation as to why people react or engage in certain behaviors. He felt that basic survivalRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1536 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of how to motivate different personality types. In the research I am going to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs against Lawrence and Nohira’s 4 drive theory in an attempt to better understand their possible uses inside an organizational structure. Let’s first take a look a look at the two theories before discussing their potential benefit. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We need to keep in mind that Maslow’s field was phycology, so his research was done from a medical viewpoint more soRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs896 Words   |  4 PagesMaslow’s Hierarchy of needs The purpose of this paper is to explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and to explain his describe who and what they are. I will also give a short description of who Maslow was and that things he accomplish while pursuing his educations. Abraham Harold Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first born of seven children to his uneducated Jewish family from Russia. With his parent pushing him hard to succeed academic he became very lonely and foundRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1295 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 379 in EP)? Outline each level and discuss how it relates to motivation. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He originally studied law because of the influence of my parents, but after marrying his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, and moving to Wisconsin, he became interested in psychology. After achieving his Masters in Psychology, Maslow moved back to Brooklyn and started teaching at a school there. â€Å"One of the many interesting things Maslow noticedRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs982 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Maslow was one of the most influential and important educational psychologists and is recognized by many for his theory on mankind’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s theory which is known as â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs† is best explained as a pyramid of needs that we as humans must meet in order to progress to another stage of needs. There are five stages in the pyramid of needs and they go as follows: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and finally self-actualization. MaslowRead MoreEssay on Maslow Hierarchy of Needs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe Study of Maslow Hierarchy of Needs This essay study is about Maslows school of thought. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels. I liked the way he differed from traditional psychologists. For example, he studied happy, high performing people to learn more about what they had in common. Maslows main contributions to psychology were the founding of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology in 1961. There were many occurrences during his lifetime that